Studies on the processing of ultramicro calcium powder from goosefish(Lophius litulon) bones by enzymatic hydrolysis

Calcium plays important rule in human health. Lack of calcium intake cause many kinds of disease, especially osteoporosis. Animal bone provide an important way of obtaining calcium. Fishbone is a kind of natural calcium resource, it has the merits of high absorbability and low side effects on human. Till now, most of researches on utilization of fishbone focused on the preparation of calcium tablet from seawater fish, such as haddock, using acid or alkali method. Ultrafine comminution technology is widely used in food processing to make ultrafine powder, is given more attention nowadays. The ultrafine powder has many particular characteristics, such as increasing the utilization rate of materials, improving performances and the quality of products. Absorption of ultra-micro calcium powder with rich nutrition improved with smaller average particle size. Increasing processing of goosefish (Lophius litulon) is associated with a large amount of waste fish bone and fish head, which will both cause environment pollution and resource waste as well. How to utilize this kind of calcium source efficiently is now one of the focuses in the field of fish processing. Nevertheless, no research on goosefish bone using ultrafine comminution technology was found yet. In this study, ultramicro calcium powders were prepared from goosefish bone by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ultrafine comminution technique，and the bioavailability of the obtained bone powder was investigated as well. The results showed that the removal rate achieved 33.8% under the optimum purification conditions of goosefish bone hydrolized by 1300 U/g alkaline protease under temperature of 50℃，for 2.5 h. Particle size distribution of calcium powders by superfine comminution for 100min was narrow, and the average particle size reached the minimum of 626.9 nm. The results of animal experiments showed that the bioavailability of ultramicro calcium powders of goosefish bone was much higher, and ultramicro calcium powders by superfine comminution for 100min exhibited calcium absorption rates of 79.3%～83.5%, which is obviously higher than that of the calcium carbonate control group. Goosefish ultramicro calcium powder prepared under the optimum conditions had pure white color, good appearance quality, and no peculiar smell with calcium content of 29.5%. It was considered as a kind of safe calcium supplementation of high quality and bioavailability.