Research progress of nutritional effects of creatine on aquatic animals

Creatine (Cr) is an amino acid derivative, also known as N-methylphthalic acid or musclin. It has been widely used to improve human health, especially for promoting muscle growth. This paper reviewed the synthesis, transport and storage of creatine in animals, and the role of creatine in energy metabolism in muscle and liver. We analyzed the effects of dietary creatine supplementation on animal growth and slaughter performance, and reviewed the studies for the effects of dietary creatine on meat quality, including muscle pH, water holding capacity and flesh color. Finally, the prospects of further research on application of creatine in aquatic animals were discussed.