Abstract: As the core of cellular energy metabolism, mitochondria are critically essential for the growth, metabolism and health of farmed animals. In recent years, the role of mitochondrial function in animal production has attracted extensive attention. Accordingly, our research team proposes to take nutritional regulation of mitochondria as an entry point to improve the growth, disease resistance and stress tolerance of fish, and constructs the theory of "fish mitochondrial nutrients". This strategy takes mitochondria as the target, nutritional regulation as the means, growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement as the objective, and improves production performance through metabolic intervention, which enriches and develops the theoretical system of aquatic animal nutrition. This paper reviews the relationship between mitochondria and animal production performance, as well as the regulatory effect of nutrients, and further elaborates the action mechanism and application prospect of fish mitochondrial nutrients.