黑驳石斑鱼全人工繁育与早期生长发育特征

Complete artificial propagation and characteristics of early growth and development of Epinephelus corallicola

  • 摘要:
    目的 完成黑驳石斑鱼(室内)全人工繁育,探究其室内全人工条件下胚胎及仔、稚、幼鱼的发育特征与生长规律。
    方法 本研究对亲本进行营养强化直至性腺成熟后,通过人工授精获得受精卵。采用显微摄像与形态度量法系统追踪了受精卵孵化、仔、稚、幼鱼的培育过程及其形态特征。
    结果 本研究人工授精的黑驳石斑鱼受精卵受精率≥97%,孵化率≥95%,为透明、分离的圆球形浮性卵,卵径为(0.845±0.025) mm,含单油球,油球直径为(0.189±0.012) mm。在盐度为33.5±0.5、水温(26.5±0.5) ℃的海水中,受精卵历经8个阶段,涵盖28个发育时期,耗时20 h 23 min完成胚胎发育进程,进入仔鱼阶段;0~3 d前期仔鱼卵黄囊未消失、未开口;4 d卵黄囊消失并开口,7~22 d第二背鳍棘持续增长,20~22 d第二背鳍棘达到最大值,度过仔鱼期;23~36 d第二背鳍棘持续减小,出现鳞片,体色成形,度过稚鱼期;37 d往后进入幼鱼期,鳞片变硬覆盖全身,侧线明显,各器官、皮肤黏液腺发育完好。
    结论 本研究首次在室内完成黑驳石斑鱼的人工授精产卵及苗种的早期培育,揭示了其全人工繁育的发育特征及生长规律,填补该物种人工繁育领域的研究空白,将该物种纳入人工可控的种质资源保护体系,为后续室内批量化养殖奠定理论和技术基础。

     

    Abstract: This study aimed to achieve indoor full artificial breeding of E. corallicola and explore the characteristics and growth rules of its embryonic and post-embryonic development under indoor full artificial conditions. In this study, broodstocks were subjected to nutritional enhancement until gonadal maturation, and fertilized eggs were obtained through artificial insemination. Microscopic photography and morphological measurement methods were used to systematically track the hatching process of fertilized eggs, as well as the cultivation processes and morphological characteristics of larvae, juveniles and fry. The fertilization rate of E. corallicola fertilized eggs obtained by artificial insemination in this study was ≥97%, and the hatching rate was ≥95%. These are transparent, separated spherical floating eggs with an egg diameter of (0.845±0.025) mm, containing a single oil globule with a diameter of (0.189±0.012) mm. In seawater with a salinity of 33.5±0.5 and a water temperature of (26.5±0.5)°C, the fertilized eggs completed the embryonic development process in 20 hours and 23 minutes through 8 stages covering 28 developmental periods, and entered the larval stage. Pre-larvae aged 0-3 days had unabsorbed yolk sacs and did not open their mouths; on the 4th day, the yolk sac was absorbed and the mouths opened. From the 7th to 22nd days, the second dorsal fin spine continued to grow, reaching its maximum length from the 20th to 22nd days, marking the end of the larval stage. From the 23rd to 36th days, the second dorsal fin spine continued to shorten, scales appeared, and body color formed, marking the end of the juvenile stage. After the 37th day, they entered the fry stage, with hard scales covering the whole body, obvious lateral lines, and fully developed organs and skin mucus glands. This study is the first to complete artificial insemination, spawning and early seedling cultivation of E. corallicola indoors. It reveals the early development chacharacteristics and rules of its full artificial breeding, fills the research gap in the artificial breeding field of this species, incorporates this species into the artificially controllable germplasm resource protection system, and lays a theoretical and technical foundation for subsequent large-scale cultivation.

     

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