日粮中添加诱食剂对鳜摄食、生长及消化健康的影响

Effects of feed attractants on feeding, growth and digestive health of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)

  • 摘要:
    目的 为筛选可替代DMPT(二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭)的新型诱食剂并明确其适宜添加浓度。
    方法 通过迷宫行为试验筛选出诱食剂大蒜素、阿魏和虾膏的适宜浓度分别为0.4%、1.5%、4%。随后选取225尾(50.00 ± 11.91) g鳜,随机分为5组,按饲料重量比例添加诱食剂,分别投喂基础饲料(空白组)、添加0.07% DMPT、0.4%大蒜素、1.5%阿魏及4%虾膏的饲料,开展9周养殖实验,测定鳜的生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、肝脏肠道相关酶活性、脑食欲相关基因表达等。
    结果 与空白组相比,阿魏组的特定生长率(SGR)、饱食摄食量、总胆汁酸(TBA)含量、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、抗氧化酶活性(T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)、促食欲基因(npyagrp)表达显著提高,饲料系数(FCR)、肠系膜脂肪数(MFI)、肝脏功能指标(ALT、AST、MDA)和食欲抑制基因(pomccart)表达显著降低;大蒜素组和虾膏组HSI、饱食摄食量及npyagrp表达量显著升高,FCR、AST、MDA及pomc表达量显著降低。与DMPT组相比,阿魏组SGR、饱食摄食量、TBA、AKP、CAT、GSH-Px活性、npyagrp表达量显著升高。甘油三酯(TG)、AST活性、pomccart表达量显著降低;大蒜素组的HSI、GSH-Px活性、npyagrp表达量显著升高,肝脏脂滴面积、pomc、cart表达量显著降低。虾膏组的HSI、TBA、脂肪酶(LPS)活性显著升高,agrp表达量显著降低。
    结论 在饲料中添加1.5%阿魏能显著提高鳜生长性能、维持肝脏健康、显著提高机体抗氧化能力及促进食欲,可代替DMPT作为新型诱食剂应用于饲料鳜养殖中。本研究为鳜诱食剂的种类选择及用量提供了理论依据,对优化饲料鳜养殖中诱食剂添加具有参考价值。

     

    Abstract: With the intensification of aquaculture practices, the production of feed‐reared Siniperca chuatsi has risen. However, the use of artificial feed often leads to problems such as poor appetite and feed regurgitation, which reduce feed efficiency and disease resistance. To identify novel appetite stimulants as potential replacements for DMPT and establish their optimal dietary levels, this study evaluated allicin, ferulic, and shrimp paste. Through preliminary experiments, the optimal inclusion levels were determined as 0.4%, 1.5%, and 4% respectively. A total of 225 S. chuatsi (50 ± 11.91) g were randomly allocated into five groups and fed over a 9‐week period with the following diets: a basal diet (control), and basal diets supplemented with 0.07% DMPT, 0.4% allicin, 1.5% ferulic, 4% shrimp paste.The results indicated that, compared with the control group, the ferulic group showed significant improvements in specific growth rate (SGR), satiety intake, total bile acid (TBA), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), antioxidant enzyme activities (T‐SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px), expression of appetite‐promoting genes (npy, agrp), and intestinal health (P < 0.05). In contrast, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mesenteric fat index (MFI), liver injury markers (ALT, AST, MDA), and expression of appetite‐suppressing genes (pomc, cart) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The allicin and shrimp paste groups also exhibited increased hepatosomatic index (HIS), satiety intake, and npy and agrp mRNA expression (P < 0.05), along with decreased FCR, AST, MDA, and pomc expression (P < 0.05).When compared to the DMPT group, the ferulic group displayed significantly higher SGR, satiety intake, TBA, AKP, CAT, GSH‐PX activity, npy and agrp expression, and intestinal health scores (P < 0.05), along with lower triglycerides (TG), AST activity, and pomc and cart expression (P < 0.05). The allicin group showed increased HIS, GSH‐PX activity, and npy and agrp expression (P < 0.05), but reduced liver lipid droplet area and pomc , cart expression (P < 0.05). The shrimp paste group had higher HIS, TBA, and lipase (LPS) activity, along with reduced agrp expression (P < 0.05).In summary, dietary supplementation with 1.5% ferulic significantly enhanced growth performance, maintained liver and intestinal health, improved antioxidant capacity, and stimulated appetite in S. chuatsi. These findings support the use of ferulic as an effective alternative to DMPT in S. chuatsi feed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of appetite stimulant types and dosage, and offers valuable reference for optimizing the addition of appetite stimulants in feed-based black bass aquaculture.

     

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