“斑马蛤2号”性腺发育及生化营养成分周年变化

Gonadal development and annual variations in biochemical nutritional components of Ruditapes philippinarum “Zebra Ⅱ”

  • 摘要:
    目的 为了解“斑马蛤2号”繁殖特性及营养成分变化,探讨其在庄河海域滩涂的养殖效果。
    方法 实验采用周年样品采集结合组织学分析及生理生化指标测定方法对庄河海域养殖的“斑马蛤2号”性腺发育和营养成分季节性变化以及周年内氨基酸组成进行了调查与分析。
    结果 “斑马蛤2号”一年内有2个繁殖期,分别为6—7月和9—10月,性腺发育划分为增殖期(1—3月)、生长期(3月末—5月初)、成熟期(5—6月)、排放期(6—7月/9—10月)、休止期(7月末—8月初/11月—次年2月)5个时期;性类固醇激素水平均在6月成熟期达峰值:雌二醇(125.62 ng/L)、睾酮(35.19 nmol/L),雌雄比为1.04∶1。“斑马蛤2号”软组织常规营养成分周年波动为:水分72.23%~84.34% (年平均含量80.30%)、粗灰分9.52%~14.75% (年平均含量11.98%)、粗脂肪2.70%~11.53% (年平均含量8.40%)、粗蛋白质51.60%~64.66% (年平均含量57.85%)、肌糖原7.34~11.50 mg/g(年平均含量9.20 mg/g)。在“斑马蛤2号”中共检出17种氨基酸组分,总氨基酸含量为630.45 mg/g,其中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和甘氨酸等呈味氨基酸表现出较高的丰度水平,分别以氨基酸计分和化学评分评价,其第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸。
    结论 “斑马蛤2号”在庄河海域周年性腺发育状况良好,是一种高蛋白、营养价值高的养殖贝类,适配北方滩涂低温环境养殖。本研究可为“斑马蛤2号”养殖推广及北方滩涂高效利用提供参考。

     

    Abstract: To understand reproductive characteristics and nutritional composition changes of the “Zebra Ⅱ”, and to explore its cultivation effectiveness in the tidal flats of Zhuanghe waters, this study investigated and analyzed the seasonal variations in gonadal development and nutritional composition, as well as the annual amino acid profile, of the “Zebra Ⅱ” cultivated in the waters off Zhuanghe. Gonadal tissue sectioning and sex steroid hormone level analyses revealed two annual reproductive periods for “Zebra II”: May-June and September-October. Gonadal development was categorized into five phases: proliferative phase (January-March), growth phase (Late March-Early May), maturation phase (May-June), release phase (June-July/September-October), and quiescent phase (late July-early August/November-February). Sex steroid hormone levels peaked during the June maturation phase: estradiol (125.62 ng/g), progesterone (12.67 ng/g), and testosterone (1.27 ng/g) reached their highest concentrations. And quiescent phase (late July-early August/November-February). Sex steroid hormone levels peaked during the June maturation phase: estradiol (125.62 ng/L), testosterone (35.19 nmol/L), with a sex ratio of 1.04:1 (P > 0.05). Annual fluctuations in routine nutritional components of “Zebra II” soft tissue were as follows: moisture 72.23%-84.34% (annual average 80.30%), crude ash 9.52%-14.75% (annual average 11.98%), crude fat 2.70%-11.53% (annual average 8.40%), crude protein 51.60%-64.66% (annual average 57.85%), and muscle glycogen 7.34-11.50 mg/g (annual average 9.20 mg/g). Seventeen amino acid components were detected in “Zebra II”, with a total amino acid content (TAA) of 630.45 mg/g. Among these, glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and glycine (Gly) exhibited high abundance levels. Evaluated using amino acid scoring (AAS) and chemical scoring (CS), methionine (Met) was identified as the primary limiting amino acid. Research indicates that “Zebra II” can achieve stable reproduction through “double spawning per year” in the Zhuanghe coastal waters, with good year-round gonadal development. It is a high-protein, nutritionally valuable aquaculture bivalve well-suited to the low-temperature environment of northern tidal flats. These findings provide a reference for promoting “Zebra II” aquaculture and utilizing northern tidal flats.

     

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