山东近海鱼类群落种类组成与空间结构的周年变化

Annual variation of species composition and spatial structure of fish community in Shandong offshore

  • 摘要: 山东近海渔业资源丰富,但近年来由于过度捕捞等的影响,渔业资源呈现衰退趋势。为全面了解山东近海鱼类群落的组成与结构,为渔业资源的养护提供科学依据,根据2016—2017年在山东近海进行的4个季节的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,采用非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)、单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)等多元统计方法,对该海域鱼类生态类群进行划分,并分析了鱼类群落结构的空间异质性。结果显示,调查所捕获的134种鱼类,其中相对重要性指数(IRI)≥1的物种有53种,以鲈形目种类最多。NMDS分析表明,53种主要鱼类可划分为a~c 3个生态类群,其中a类群集中出现在夏季,c类群主要在秋季出现,b类群的生物量和数量在全年中变化相对较小,且在春、冬两季具有明显优势。在群落的空间结构上,NMDS和ANOSIM结果表明,调查海域中莱州湾海域(A区)与黄海邻近海域(B、C区)的鱼类群落结构存在显著差异,该差异在4个季节均较为明显。相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)表明,造成A区与B、C区群落结构空间异质性的物种具有季节性变化,春季主要为短吻红舌鳎和黄鮟,夏季主要为鳀,秋季为小眼绿鳍鱼,冬季为斑尾刺虾虎鱼和黄鮟。

     

    Abstract: The coastal waters of Shandong have rich fisheries resources but have suffered from pressures including overfishing. In order to comprehensively understand the composition and structure of the fish community in Shandong coastal waters and to provide a scientific basis for the conservation of fishery resources, a fishery resources survey was conducted in Shandong coastal waters from 2016 to 2017 using bottom trawl in four seasons. A range of multivariate statistical methods including non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) and ANOSIM were used to analyze the species composition and spatial heterogeneity of the community structure. The results showed that a total of 134 species were caught in this survey, of which 53 species had Index of relative importance IRI ≥ 1. NMDS analysis showed that the 53 species could be divided into three groups, a, b, c. Among them, Group a was characterized by the large biomass in summer and Group c in autumn. Group b was characterized by the relatively small changes of biomass throughout the year and the obvious dominance in spring and winter. Regarding the spatial structure of fish community, NMDS and ANOSIM showed that the fish community structure in Laizhou Bay (Zone A) was significantly different from that in the northern and southern adjacent waters (Zones B and C) of the Shandong Peninsula, and the differences persisted in all seasons. SIMPER showed that the species that caused the spatial heterogeneity of community structure between Zone A and Zone B & C were Cynoglossus joyneri and Lophius litulon in spring; Engraulis japonicus in summer; Chelidonichthys kumu in autumn; Acanthogobius ommaturus and L. litulon in winter.

     

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